Sects: Islam is divided into two sects, namely Sunni and Shia, which differ in their understanding of leadership and interpretation of religious texts. For example, differences in understanding of leadership after the passing of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and the interpretation of the context of the pillars of the Imam and the guidebook. These differences primarily emerged after the passing of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

Theology: Differences in theological perspectives can be seen in areas such as the nature of God, predestination, and free will. Different scholars and schools of thought may emphasize different aspects and use different methodologies in theological discussion. For example, the theological differences between the Jabbariyyah and the Qadariyyah.

Sufism: Sufism is a way of living a life focused on drawing closer to Allah. The science of Sufism is called Tasawuf. The behavior of Sufism is characterized by Zuhud (leaving something that is not beneficial for the hereafter) and Wara (leaving something that brings harm in the hereafter).

Fiqh: Law-making in Islam which is generally divided into worship fiqh and muamalah fiqh which is also known as Sharia, has several schools of thought, such as Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali (among Sunnis), and Jafari (among Muslims) Shia). This thought can be a reference in making law. These schools differ in their interpretation of the laws and the weight given to various sources of Islamic law (Al-Quran, Hadith, Ijtihad, Qiyas), giving rise to differences in the conclusions of determining the law, apart from the differences in the methodology used. It should be noted that the nature of fiqh, especially in matters of worship, is ikhtilaf (different), so it is natural that there are different technical practices of worship, depending on the references & interpretations of the law used.

Practice of Rituals (worship): Although some of the core rituals, such as prayer, fasting (during Ramadan), and pilgrimage to Mecca, are universally practiced, there may be differences in the details, such as prayer methods, and specific prayers. In the practice of worship, everything is forbidden, unless there is evidence that explains the practice of worship (compulsory or sunnat)"

Practice of Muamalah: Muamalah is the law on management and affairs within the scope of worldly affairs, such as laws governing trade and marriage. In Muamalah everything (in world affairs) is permissible, unless there is an argument against it.

Cultural Influences: Islamic practices can also vary based on cultural influences and customs (urf). Islam is practiced in different regions and cultures, resulting in variations in customs, dress, wedding traditions, norms, social values and customs (urf).